Modeling and optimization of cogeneration-based district energy systems accounting for economics and environmental impact
The modeling and optimization of cogeneration-based district energy systems, especially while accounting for economics and environmental impact, are described. An energy equilibrium model is given and its mathematical formulation specified. Models and descriptions are presented for the principal relevant technologies: cogeneration production, heating and district heating, chilling and district cooling, and configurations for integrating cogeneration and district energy technologies. The economics of cogeneration and district energy technologies needed in optimization procedures are discussed. Methodologies for the analysis of economic impacts are outlined, including means of determining partial social welfare change and payback period. Various methodologies for the analysis of environmental impacts are explained, and an illustrative case study is presented. After describing the scenarios considered in the case study, parameter values for the illustrative model are presented as are the resulting partial social welfare changes and possible improvements. The modeling and optimization of cogeneration-based district energy systems help illustrate and demonstrate the comparative merits of different integrated systems for cogeneration and district energy. Often the optimization of cogeneration and district energy technologies accounts for environmental emission limits in terms of constraints, although the emissions can also be addressed as objectives.
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