This chapter presents, analyses, and compares three different smart measures to avoid such concentration effects and achieve more efficient system operation without centralised knowledge of residential appliances' characteristics. The design of these measures is customised to the specific operating properties of different types of flexible residential appliances, namely appliances with continuously adjustable power levels and appliances with shiftable cycles. Smart-charging electric vehicles (EV) and wet appliances (WA) with delay functionality are used as representative examples of these two types, due to significant level of expected penetration and flexibility potential.

Chapter Contents:

• Nomenclature
• 3.1 Introduction
• 3.1.1 Context - emerging challenges for low-carbon electrical power systems
• 3.1.2 Role of residential demand in addressing emerging challenges
• 3.1.3 Challenges in scheduling residential appliances
• 3.1.4 Overview of alternative approaches for smart scheduling of residential appliances
• 3.2 Modelling operation and price response of flexible residential appliances
• 3.2.1 Appliances with continuously adjustable power levels - EV with smart charging capability
• 3.2.1.1 Flexibility modelling
• 3.2.1.2 Formulation of optimal price response problem
• 3.2.2 Appliances with shiftable cycles - WA with delay functionality
• 3.2.2.1 Flexibility modelling
• 3.2.2.2 Formulation of optimal price response problem
• 3.3 Measures against demand response concentration
• 3.3.1 Flexibility restriction
• 3.3.2 Non-linear pricing
• 3.3.3 Randomised pricing
• 3.3.4 Tuning the parameters of smart measures
• 3.4 Case studies
• 3.4.1 Scheduling of flexible residential appliances in electricity markets
• 3.4.1.1 Description of studies and input data
• 3.4.1.2 Analysis of cases with flexible EV
• 3.4.1.3 Analysis of cases with flexible WA
• 3.4.2 Scheduling of flexible residential appliances for management of local distribution networks
• 3.4.2.1 Description of studies and input data
• 3.4.2.2 Analysis of cases with flexible EV
• 3.4.2.3 Analysis of cases with flexible WA
• 3.5 Conclusions and future work
• Bibliography

Inspec keywords: domestic appliances; electric vehicles

Other keywords: wet appliances; flexible residential appliances; shiftable cycles; smart-charging electric vehicles; continuously adjustable power levels; smart price-based scheduling

Subjects: Domestic appliances; Electrical/electronic equipment (energy utilisation)