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Switchgear design, development and service

Switchgear design, development and service

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This chapter describes the design, development and operation of SF6 switchgear [1-16]. It also describes how the development of generation and transmission has influenced switchgear evolution (see Appendices A and B). Factors that have contributed to the simplicity of design and increased the reliability of SF6 switchgear are addressed and the important features of various manufacturers, designs in first-, second- and third-generation interrupters and improvements in circuit breaker performance are highlighted. It also addresses issues associated with installation and on-site operations and monitoring.

Chapter Contents:

  • 8.1 Introduction
  • 8.1.1 SF6 circuit-breakers
  • 8.1.2 Sulphur hexafluoride
  • 8.2 Interrupter development
  • 8.2.1 Two-pressure system
  • 8.2.2 Single-pressure puffer-type interrupters
  • 8.3 Arc interruption
  • 8.3.1 Fault current
  • 8.3.2 Capacitive and inductive current switching
  • 8.3.3 Reactor switching
  • 8.3.4 Arc interruption: gas-mixtures
  • 8.4 Third-generation interrupters
  • 8.5 Dielectric design and insulators
  • 8.6 Mechanism
  • 8.7 SF6 live- and dead-tank circuit-breakers
  • 8.7.1 Basic GIS substation design
  • 8.8 Opening and closing resistors/metal-oxide surge arresters
  • 8.8.1 Opening and closing resistors
  • 8.8.2 Closing resistors/metal-oxide surge arresters
  • 8.8.3 Main features of metal-oxide surge arresters (MOSA)
  • 8.9 Disconnector switching
  • 8.10 Ferroresonance
  • 8.11 System monitoring
  • 8.11.1 Monitoring during installation and in service
  • 8.11.2 Continuous monitoring
  • 8.11.3 Periodic monitoring
  • 8.12 Insulation co-ordination
  • 8.12.1 Introduction to appendices
  • 8.13 Further discussions and conclusions
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
  • Appendices
  • A: Some historic observations
  • B: SF6 circuit-breakers in the UK plus a perspective from USA
  • C: Relevant strategic IEC Standard reports
  • D: Update of some recent CIGRE activities relating Appendices D and E to Substations (SC B3) and also (SC B5) - compiled from CIGRE publications by H.M. Ryan
  • E: Residual life concepts, integrated decision processes for substation replacement and an overview of CIGRE work on AM themes - compiled by H.M. Ryan

Inspec keywords: switchgear insulation; circuit breakers; reliability; SF6 insulation

Other keywords: first-generation interrupters; second-generation interrupters; third-generation interrupters; circuit breaker performance; SF6 switchgear reliability; switchgear design

Subjects: Switchgear; Inorganic insulation; Reliability

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