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The implications of renewable energy on grid networks

The implications of renewable energy on grid networks

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Renewable energy will be part of the energy mix for the UK since the government and all political parties have committed themselves to the Kyoto agreement. Renewable energy is from diverse sources and can be captured at a variety of scales - micro to multi-megawatt. Large renewable energy farms could connect to the National Grid; however, most generation schemes will connect at lower voltage levels. The UK best renewable energy resources tend not to be co-located with load, so this will require new distribution and transmission networks. Renewable energy technology has some technical differences to conventional generation, and the volume and cost of connections necessary to achieve the government's targets for renewable generation are driving innovation into electricity networks. A spin-off effect is to evolve the electricity network into a more costeffective, actively managed system with lower capital costs and higher utilisation rates, without compromising safety or reliability.

Chapter Contents:

  • 5.1 Introduction
  • 5.2 Drivers for renewable energy
  • 5.2.1 Fossil fuel
  • 5.2.2 Nuclear fuels
  • 5.3 UK renewable energy resources and technology
  • 5.3.1 Power transfers
  • 5.3.2 Wind resources
  • 5.3.3 Wave resources
  • 5.3.4 Tidal resources
  • 5.3.5 Biomass resources
  • 5.3.6 Network implications from remote resource locations
  • 5.3.7 Generator technologies - conventional power stations
  • 5.3.8 Generator technologies - full converter wind turbine
  • 5.3.9 Generator technologies - partial converter wind turbine
  • 5.3.10 Generator technologies - wave machines
  • 5.3.11 Generator technologies - tidal machines
  • 5.3.12 Generator technologies - biomass-fed generators
  • 5.3.13 Generator technologies - microgeneration
  • 5.4 Renewable generator technologies - network implications
  • 5.4.1 Cost of connections
  • 5.4.2 Voltage rise
  • 5.4.3 Load flow
  • 5.4.4 Fault level
  • 5.4.5 Power quality
  • 5.4.6 Network extensions
  • 5.4.7 Regulation
  • 5.4.8 Grid Code issues
  • 5.5 Value of energy
  • 5.6 Solutions for renewable energy
  • 5.6.1 Voltage rise
  • 5.6.2 Fault level
  • 5.6.3 Fault current limiters
  • 5.6.4 Principles of superconducting fault current limiters
  • 5.6.5 Fault current limiters
  • 5.6.6 Resistive fault current limiters
  • 5.6.7 Shielded core fault current limiters
  • 5.6.8 Pre-saturated core fault current limiters
  • 5.6.9 Load flow
  • 5.6.10 Energy storage
  • 5.6.11 Distributed intelligence in networks
  • 5.7 Conclusions
  • References
  • Postscript note - by H.M. Ryan

Inspec keywords: power generation economics; power grids; power distribution economics; renewable energy sources

Other keywords: generation schemes; national grid networks; Kyoto agreement; political parties; spin-off effect; transmission networks; energy mix; renewable energy farms; distribution networks; electricity networks; UK

Subjects: Power utilisation; Energy resources; Energy resources and fuels; Energy utilisation; Distribution networks; Power system management, operation and economics

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