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Assessment of systolic and diastolic heart failure

Assessment of systolic and diastolic heart failure

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Heart failure is becoming more common in western societies as their populations age. In the Rotterdam community study of nearly 8,000 people, the lifetime risk of developing heart failure from the age of 55 years was 33 per cent for men and 29 per cent for women, and its prevalence in those aged more than 85 years was 17 per cent [1]. Since heart failure is a severe disease with a poor prognosis, imaging is important for early detection, accurate diagnosis, estimating prognosis, and planning and monitoring responses to treatment. Many diagnostic targets can be studied to establish the particular phenotype in a person who is suspected of having heart failure (Table 27.1), and most invasive and non-invasive diagnostic techniques have been used to study them. In this chapter, we concentrate on evidence relating to the use of speckle tracking to study left ventricular, left atrial, and right ventricular function in heart failure. We review its technical strengths and limitations from a clinical perspective and describe how it is applied to determine the pathophysiological mechanisms of heart failure, to identify the underlying aetiology and to estimate prognosis. We also suggest some technical developments that if feasible might assist clinicians in improving treatment and outcomes for patients with heart failure.

Chapter Contents:

  • Abstract
  • 27.1 Clinical phenotypes
  • 27.2 Applying basic principles of myocardial deformation
  • 27.3 Accuracy, reproducibility, and normal values
  • 27.4 Pathophysiology of heart failure
  • 27.5 Early diagnosis
  • 27.6 Aetiology
  • 27.7 Prognosis of heart failure
  • 27.8 Left atrial and right ventricular function
  • 27.9 Conclusions – imaging in heart failure
  • References

Inspec keywords: medical image processing; speckle; echocardiography

Other keywords: systolic heart failure; diastolic heart failure; right ventricular function; left ventricular function; left atrial ventricular function; speckle tracking

Subjects: Biology and medical computing; Optical, image and video signal processing; Sonic and ultrasonic applications; Sonic and ultrasonic radiation (medical uses); Patient diagnostic methods and instrumentation; Sonic and ultrasonic radiation (biomedical imaging/measurement); Computer vision and image processing techniques

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