Surface-based microwave signature studies from 2 to 100 GHz were carried out over several years to provide empirical emissivity information for typical surface classes. The surface emissivity eρ (polarisation p) was determined from the effective object temperature Teff, the brightness temperatures Tp of the object under investigation and of the downwelling sky radiation, Tsky in the relevant direction, using the relationship ep = (Tp - Tsky)/(Teff - Tsky), ranging from 0 to 1. The data presented here are based on measurements made with the PAMIR system operating at 4.9, 10.4, 21, 35 and 94 GHz and with a set of newer portable radiometers at 11, 21, 35, 48 and 94 GHz. Additional experiments - not reported here - were made with the RASAM instrument, a combined radiometer and scatterometer, operating over the frequency range from 2 to 12 GHz. Data collected with this instrument are reported in a separate catalogue which was described by Wegmuller et al. (1994).
Appendix A: Surface emissivity data from microwave experiments at the University of Bern, Page 1 of 2
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