This chapter details the key SI primary and secondary standards of capacitance, resis tance and inductance for applications covering the frequency range DC to 100 MHz. These standards include the Thompson-Lampard calculable cross-capacitor, Gibbings quadrifilar resistor, Campbell mutual inductance standard as well as the latest standard of impedance derived from the quantum Hall effect (QHE). Impedance measurements span one of the widest ranges of any physical quantity, from nano-ohms to tera-ohms (i.e. a ratio of 10). This chapter also discusses the limitations of the standards and their evolution to meet the contemporary scientific and industrial needs.
Impedance standards, Page 1 of 2
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