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Ring oscillators and self-timed rings in true random number generators

Ring oscillators and self-timed rings in true random number generators

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In this chapter, we explain important role of ring oscillators in generating random bit streams in logic devices. We consider three types of ring oscillators used as sources of jittery clock signals: single-event ring oscillators, multi-event ring oscillators with collision and multi-event ring oscillator without collision, i.e. self-timed rings. We present some representative examples of oscillator-based true random number generators and their characteristics.

Chapter Contents:

  • 13.1 Introduction
  • 13.2 Design of TRNGs
  • 13.3 Electric noise and clock jitter as a source of randomness
  • 13.3.1 Electric noise in clock generators
  • 13.3.2 Jitter of the generated clock signal
  • 13.4 Harvesting the entropy from jittery clock signals
  • 13.5 Single-event ring oscillators as sources of jittery clocks
  • 13.5.1 Modelling the jitter of clocks generated in ring oscillators
  • 13.6 Multi-event ring oscillators with signal collisions
  • 13.6.1 Modelling number of oscillations in TERO
  • 13.7 STR oscillators
  • 13.7.1 Clock jitter in STRs
  • 13.8 Examples of oscillator-based TRNGs
  • 13.8.1 Elementary ring oscillator-based TRNG
  • 13.8.2 Multiple ring oscillator-based TRNG
  • 13.8.3 TERO-based TRNG
  • 13.8.4 STR-based TRNG
  • 13.9 Conclusions
  • References

Inspec keywords: random number generation; oscillators; logic circuits

Other keywords: multievent ring oscillators; single-event ring oscillators; random bit stream generation; jittery clock signal sources; logic devices; self-timed ring oscillators; true random number generators

Subjects: Logic circuits; Oscillators

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