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Gait-event-based synchronization and control of a compact portable knee—ankle—foot exoskeleton robot for gait rehabilitation

Gait-event-based synchronization and control of a compact portable knee—ankle—foot exoskeleton robot for gait rehabilitation

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This chapter presents the mechanical design and control of a knee-ankle-foot exoskeleton robot, which is compact, modular and portable for stroke patients to carry out overground gait training. A novel compact series elastic actuator (SEA) is developed for safe human-robot interactions. In order to control this portable knee-ankle-foot robot, a novel human-robot synchronization method using gait event information is proposed. This method includes two steps. Firstly, seven gait events in one gait cycle are detected in real time with a hidden Markov model (HMM); secondly, an adaptive oscillator is utilized to estimate the stride percentage of human gait using any one of the gait events. Synchronous reference trajectories for the robot are then generated with the estimated stride percentage. The proposed synchronization method is implemented in the robot and tested in 15 healthy subjects. The results of the experiments reveal that our approach is efficient in achieving human-robot synchronization. It shows that this method has the advantages of simple structure, flexible selection of gait events and fast adaptation.

Chapter Contents:

  • Abstract
  • 8.1 Introduction
  • 8.2 Mechanical design of the knee–ankle–foot robot
  • 8.2.1 Design specifications
  • 8.2.2 Mechanical structure design of the robot
  • 8.2.3 Compliant actuator design
  • 8.3 Human–robot synchronization control
  • 8.3.1 Gait pattern of human walking
  • 8.3.2 Gait events detection using HMM
  • 8.3.3 Adaptive oscillator
  • 8.3.4 Assistive control of the robot
  • 8.4 Experimental protocol
  • 8.4.1 Experimental setup
  • 8.4.2 Experimental protocol
  • 8.4.3 Data analysis
  • 8.5 Experimental results
  • 8.5.1 Evaluation of synchronization
  • 8.5.1.1 FW test
  • 8.5.1.2 ZA test
  • 8.5.1.3 SAW test
  • 8.5.2 Efficiency of the adaptive oscillator
  • 8.5.3 Evidence of assistance
  • 8.6 Conclusion
  • References

Inspec keywords: hidden Markov models; synchronisation; medical robotics; wearable robots; gait analysis; human-robot interaction; patient rehabilitation

Other keywords: estimated stride percentage; mechanical design; overground gait training; synchronous reference trajectories; novel human-robot synchronization method; human-robot interactions; hidden Markov model; gait rehabilitation; gait event information; compact portable knee-ankle-foot exoskeleton robot; portable knee-ankle-foot robot; gait cycle; compact series elastic actuator

Subjects: Robotics; Biological and medical control systems; Markov processes; Human-robot interaction

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